Shrubs and small trees growing 6 to 12 feet tall form the critical hedge layer that bridges groundcovers and canopy trees, providing dense cover, nesting sites, and abundant fruit for wildlife. In nature, this layer creates the structural complexity that supports the highest biodiversity, offering protection from predators and weather while producing berries, nuts, and seeds that sustain birds and mammals year-round. In the garden, use hedge layer plants like serviceberry, ninebark, and elderberry as living fences, foundation plantings, and wildlife corridors that provide four-season interest, privacy screening, and essential habitat connectivity.